The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is a standardized test assessing verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and analytical writing skills for graduate admissions. However, its requirement varies by program, university, and even degree level (e.g., master's vs. PhD). As of 2025, many institutions have shifted to GRE-optional or waived policies, prioritizing holistic reviews like GPA, experience, and recommendations. Yet, certain competitive programs still mandate it to gauge academic readiness.
Programs That Typically Require the GRE
GRE is most common in STEM and quantitative fields, where it predicts success in rigorous coursework. Key examples include:
- Engineering and Computer Science: Top schools like MIT (select mechanical/electrical engineering PhDs) and Harvard often require it for MS/PhD tracks, emphasizing quantitative scores (160+). However, UCLA's MS in Computer Science waived it for 2024-2025.
- Physical Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Math): Yale and Duke mandate GRE (including subject tests) for PhD programs in physics and math to evaluate specialized knowledge.
- Social Sciences and Psychology: Programs at Brown and Yale's Graduate School require it for PhDs, though master's may be optional. The American Psychological Association notes a decline, but competitive tracks persist.
- Business (MBA/MS in Finance): Wharton and Stanford GSB accept GRE alongside GMAT, but it's required for analytical-heavy specializations.
In contrast, humanities (e.g., literature), education, and some biology programs rarely require it. Princeton waives for molecular biology and neuroscience, while Stanford's Graduate School of Education dropped it entirely.
Trends and Tips for 2025 Applicants
Post-pandemic, over 50% of programs are GRE-optional, per ETS data, to reduce barriers for underrepresented students. Waivers often apply if you have 5+ years of experience or a prior graduate degree. Always verify via program websites requirements change (e.g., University of New Mexico lists per-department policies).
To prepare: Aim for 300+ total scores for competitive spots. If optional, submit strong scores to strengthen your app. Check deadlines; scores must be <5 years old.
Ultimately, focus on a balanced application. Research-specific needs to avoid surprises.