Frederick Winslow Taylor
The following is an obituary from March 21, 1915, announcing the death of Frederick Winslow Taylor.
1 PHILADELPHIA, March 21: Frederick Winslow Tayler, originator of the modem scientific management movement, died here today from pneumonia. He was 59 years old, and was a former President of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Among his numerous inventions and discoveries was the Taylor-White process of treating modem high-speed took. He was the author of articles on scientific efficiency. and installed his system in many large industrial establishments.
2 The writings and lectures of Frederic Winslow Taylor formed the basis of the recent reorganization of methods of handing labor in many of the largest industries in the country. The articles of Mr. Taylor on "Scientific Management" in 1911 had a good deal to do with giving its new, special meaning to the word "efficiency" and making it the watchword which it has become since that time.
3 One of his leading doctrines which has made a deep impression on business and industry in this country since that time is that a man who proves incompetent at one jab should be fitted in where he can give good service, instead of being discharged. His life work was chiefly devoted to the simplification of industrial processes to reduce costs and increase Outputs.
4 Mr. Taylor was born at Germantown, Philadelphia, on March 20, 1856, and was graduated from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1883. He won the doubles championship of the United States at tennis at Newport in 1881. He entered the employ of the Midvale Steel Company at Philadelphia in 1878 and was successively gang boss, assistant foreman, foreman of the machine shop, master mechanic, chief draughtsman, and chief engineer.
5 In 1889 he began his special work of re-organizing the management of
The following is a list of events in Taylor's life. I. President of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers II. Employed by Midvale Steel Company III. Published 'The Principles of Scientific Management' IV. Received a gold medal from the Paris Exposition Place these events in chronological order, from earliest to latest.
- A. I, II, III, IV
- B. II, IV, I, III
- C. III, I, IV, II
- D. IV, III, II, I
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: B
The sequence begins with Taylor’s employment at Midvale Steel Company (II), where he developed his principles of efficiency. Next, he received a gold medal from the Paris Exposition (IV), recognizing his contributions to management. Following this, he became the President of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (I), highlighting his leadership in the field. Lastly, he published 'The Principles of Scientific Management' (III), which solidified his theories and their impact on management practices. Option A misplaces the publication of his influential work. Option C incorrectly orders the events, placing the publication before his leadership role. Option D also disrupts the correct sequence by placing the gold medal before his employment.
The sequence begins with Taylor’s employment at Midvale Steel Company (II), where he developed his principles of efficiency. Next, he received a gold medal from the Paris Exposition (IV), recognizing his contributions to management. Following this, he became the President of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (I), highlighting his leadership in the field. Lastly, he published 'The Principles of Scientific Management' (III), which solidified his theories and their impact on management practices. Option A misplaces the publication of his influential work. Option C incorrectly orders the events, placing the publication before his leadership role. Option D also disrupts the correct sequence by placing the gold medal before his employment.
Other Related Questions
Assume that the state of Kansas passed a law limiting the number of hours teenagers could work on farms, and the state's farmers challenged the law. The decision in which of these cases could be cited in support of Kansas's law?
- A. Commonwealth v. Hunt
- B. Muller v. Oregon
- C. Brown v. Board of Education
- D. Engel v. Vitale
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: B
Muller v. Oregon upheld the state's ability to regulate working hours for women, emphasizing the government's role in protecting public welfare. This precedent supports Kansas's law limiting teenage work hours on farms, as it aligns with the principle of safeguarding minors' health and well-being. Commonwealth v. Hunt dealt with labor unions and the right to organize, which does not pertain to youth labor regulations. Brown v. Board of Education focused on desegregation in schools, irrelevant to labor laws. Engel v. Vitale addressed school prayer, having no connection to employment issues. Thus, only Muller v. Oregon directly supports the rationale for Kansas's law.
Muller v. Oregon upheld the state's ability to regulate working hours for women, emphasizing the government's role in protecting public welfare. This precedent supports Kansas's law limiting teenage work hours on farms, as it aligns with the principle of safeguarding minors' health and well-being. Commonwealth v. Hunt dealt with labor unions and the right to organize, which does not pertain to youth labor regulations. Brown v. Board of Education focused on desegregation in schools, irrelevant to labor laws. Engel v. Vitale addressed school prayer, having no connection to employment issues. Thus, only Muller v. Oregon directly supports the rationale for Kansas's law.
As used in the highlighted text, 'continental United States' means the area comprising the nation's
- A. entire territory.
- B. Western region.
- C. first 48 states.
- D. 50 states.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C
The term 'continental United States' specifically refers to the contiguous landmass of the nation, which includes the first 48 states, excluding Alaska and Hawaii. Option A is incorrect as it suggests the entire territory, including non-contiguous states and territories. Option B is wrong because it only addresses a specific region, neglecting the rest of the country. Option D is misleading since it includes Alaska and Hawaii, which are not part of the continental landmass. Thus, the phrase accurately describes the first 48 states, making it the most precise choice.
The term 'continental United States' specifically refers to the contiguous landmass of the nation, which includes the first 48 states, excluding Alaska and Hawaii. Option A is incorrect as it suggests the entire territory, including non-contiguous states and territories. Option B is wrong because it only addresses a specific region, neglecting the rest of the country. Option D is misleading since it includes Alaska and Hawaii, which are not part of the continental landmass. Thus, the phrase accurately describes the first 48 states, making it the most precise choice.
What is the most likely reason the St. Louis did not return to Hamburg?
- A. The start of World War II made it too dangerous to travel that far.
- B. Most of the passengers were originally from Belgium, not Germany.
- C. The ship did not have enough fuel after being at sea for so long.
- D. The passengers could have ended up being sent to concentration camps.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: D
The most compelling reason the St. Louis did not return to Hamburg is that the passengers faced the real threat of being sent to concentration camps. As the political climate in Europe shifted dramatically during this period, returning them to Germany would have put their lives in jeopardy. Option A, while recognizing the dangers of wartime travel, does not specifically address the immediate threat to the passengers' safety. Option B is inaccurate; the origin of most passengers does not influence the ship's decision to return. Option C is also incorrect; fuel levels would not have been a primary concern compared to the safety of the passengers.
The most compelling reason the St. Louis did not return to Hamburg is that the passengers faced the real threat of being sent to concentration camps. As the political climate in Europe shifted dramatically during this period, returning them to Germany would have put their lives in jeopardy. Option A, while recognizing the dangers of wartime travel, does not specifically address the immediate threat to the passengers' safety. Option B is inaccurate; the origin of most passengers does not influence the ship's decision to return. Option C is also incorrect; fuel levels would not have been a primary concern compared to the safety of the passengers.
After the Revolutionary War, the western border of the United States was the
- A. Mississippi River.
- B. Gulf of Mexico.
- C. Rocky Mountains.
- D. Great Lakes.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: A
The western border of the United States after the Revolutionary War was defined by the Mississippi River, which served as a natural boundary facilitating westward expansion. Option B, the Gulf of Mexico, is incorrect as it is located to the south, not marking the western border. Option C, the Rocky Mountains, is also inaccurate; while they are a significant geographical feature, they were not recognized as a border at that time. Option D, the Great Lakes, pertains to the northern boundary and does not represent the western limit. Thus, the Mississippi River accurately reflects the western boundary post-war.
The western border of the United States after the Revolutionary War was defined by the Mississippi River, which served as a natural boundary facilitating westward expansion. Option B, the Gulf of Mexico, is incorrect as it is located to the south, not marking the western border. Option C, the Rocky Mountains, is also inaccurate; while they are a significant geographical feature, they were not recognized as a border at that time. Option D, the Great Lakes, pertains to the northern boundary and does not represent the western limit. Thus, the Mississippi River accurately reflects the western boundary post-war.