Frederick Winslow Taylor
The following is an obituary from March 21, 1915, announcing the death of Frederick Winslow Taylor.
1 PHILADELPHIA, March 21: Frederick Winslow Tayler, originator of the modem scientific management movement, died here today from pneumonia. He was 59 years old, and was a former President of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Among his numerous inventions and discoveries was the Taylor-White process of treating modem high-speed took. He was the author of articles on scientific efficiency. and installed his system in many large industrial establishments.
2 The writings and lectures of Frederic Winslow Taylor formed the basis of the recent reorganization of methods of handing labor in many of the largest industries in the country. The articles of Mr. Taylor on "Scientific Management" in 1911 had a good deal to do with giving its new, special meaning to the word "efficiency" and making it the watchword which it has become since that time.
3 One of his leading doctrines which has made a deep impression on business and industry in this country since that time is that a man who proves incompetent at one jab should be fitted in where he can give good service, instead of being discharged. His life work was chiefly devoted to the simplification of industrial processes to reduce costs and increase Outputs.
4 Mr. Taylor was born at Germantown, Philadelphia, on March 20, 1856, and was graduated from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1883. He won the doubles championship of the United States at tennis at Newport in 1881. He entered the employ of the Midvale Steel Company at Philadelphia in 1878 and was successively gang boss, assistant foreman, foreman of the machine shop, master mechanic, chief draughtsman, and chief engineer.
5 In 1889 he began his special work of re-organizing the management of
Based on the obituary, what type of jobs were the focus of Taylor's writings and lectures?
- A. Engineering
- B. Accounting
- C. Sales
- D. Manufacturing
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: D
Taylor's writings and lectures primarily emphasized the principles of scientific management, which were focused on improving efficiency and productivity in manufacturing processes. His work aimed to optimize labor and streamline operations in factories, making manufacturing the central theme of his contributions. Option A (Engineering) is incorrect as Taylor's focus was not on engineering principles but rather on management practices within manufacturing. Option B (Accounting) does not align with Taylor's emphasis on operational efficiency, as his work did not primarily address financial management. Option C (Sales) is also wrong, as Taylor's theories were not directed toward sales strategies but rather on enhancing production methods in manufacturing settings.
Taylor's writings and lectures primarily emphasized the principles of scientific management, which were focused on improving efficiency and productivity in manufacturing processes. His work aimed to optimize labor and streamline operations in factories, making manufacturing the central theme of his contributions. Option A (Engineering) is incorrect as Taylor's focus was not on engineering principles but rather on management practices within manufacturing. Option B (Accounting) does not align with Taylor's emphasis on operational efficiency, as his work did not primarily address financial management. Option C (Sales) is also wrong, as Taylor's theories were not directed toward sales strategies but rather on enhancing production methods in manufacturing settings.
Other Related Questions
New evidence is discovered for a case in which the person charged with the crime has already been found 'not guilty.' Which amendment prohibits the state from trying that person again on the same charges?
- A. Amendment 4
- B. Amendment 5
- C. Amendment 6
- D. Amendment 10
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: B
The Fifth Amendment includes the protection against double jeopardy, which prohibits an individual from being tried again for the same crime after a verdict of not guilty. This principle ensures that once a person has been acquitted, they cannot face the same charges again, regardless of new evidence. Option A, the Fourth Amendment, deals with protection against unreasonable searches and seizures, which is unrelated to criminal trials. Option C, the Sixth Amendment, guarantees rights related to criminal prosecutions, such as the right to a speedy trial and an impartial jury, but does not address double jeopardy. Option D, the Tenth Amendment, reserves powers to the states and the people, but does not pertain to criminal prosecution rights.
The Fifth Amendment includes the protection against double jeopardy, which prohibits an individual from being tried again for the same crime after a verdict of not guilty. This principle ensures that once a person has been acquitted, they cannot face the same charges again, regardless of new evidence. Option A, the Fourth Amendment, deals with protection against unreasonable searches and seizures, which is unrelated to criminal trials. Option C, the Sixth Amendment, guarantees rights related to criminal prosecutions, such as the right to a speedy trial and an impartial jury, but does not address double jeopardy. Option D, the Tenth Amendment, reserves powers to the states and the people, but does not pertain to criminal prosecution rights.
The U.S. Supreme Court considered a case in which a political activist was jailed for stating publicly that World War I was a rich man's war but a poor man's fight. To which case is this case most similar?
- A. Commonwealth v. Hunt
- B. Muller v. Oregon
- C. Schenck v. United States
- D. Brown v. Board of Education
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C
The case involving the political activist parallels **Schenck v. United States** due to its focus on free speech during wartime. In Schenck, the Supreme Court upheld the conviction of an individual for distributing anti-draft leaflets, emphasizing that speech could be limited if it posed a "clear and present danger." **Commonwealth v. Hunt** pertains to labor unions and the legality of their activities, making it unrelated to free speech issues. **Muller v. Oregon** deals with labor laws and women's rights, not political expression. **Brown v. Board of Education** addresses racial segregation in schools, which diverges from the context of wartime speech and activism.
The case involving the political activist parallels **Schenck v. United States** due to its focus on free speech during wartime. In Schenck, the Supreme Court upheld the conviction of an individual for distributing anti-draft leaflets, emphasizing that speech could be limited if it posed a "clear and present danger." **Commonwealth v. Hunt** pertains to labor unions and the legality of their activities, making it unrelated to free speech issues. **Muller v. Oregon** deals with labor laws and women's rights, not political expression. **Brown v. Board of Education** addresses racial segregation in schools, which diverges from the context of wartime speech and activism.
In Toland, what is the opportunity cost of one unit of timber?
- A. ½ unit of fish
- B. 5 units of fish
- C. ½ unit of timber
- D. 16 units of timber
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: A
In Toland, the opportunity cost of one unit of timber is measured in terms of the fish that could have been produced instead. Option A, ½ unit of fish, accurately reflects this trade-off, indicating that producing one additional unit of timber sacrifices half a unit of fish. Option B, 5 units of fish, overestimates the opportunity cost, suggesting an unrealistic trade-off that does not align with the production possibilities. Option C, ½ unit of timber, incorrectly implies that timber production is sacrificed for itself, which is illogical. Lastly, Option D, 16 units of timber, misrepresents the concept of opportunity cost, as it suggests sacrificing timber for more timber, which is not feasible.
In Toland, the opportunity cost of one unit of timber is measured in terms of the fish that could have been produced instead. Option A, ½ unit of fish, accurately reflects this trade-off, indicating that producing one additional unit of timber sacrifices half a unit of fish. Option B, 5 units of fish, overestimates the opportunity cost, suggesting an unrealistic trade-off that does not align with the production possibilities. Option C, ½ unit of timber, incorrectly implies that timber production is sacrificed for itself, which is illogical. Lastly, Option D, 16 units of timber, misrepresents the concept of opportunity cost, as it suggests sacrificing timber for more timber, which is not feasible.
After the Revolutionary War, the western border of the United States was the
- A. Mississippi River.
- B. Gulf of Mexico.
- C. Rocky Mountains.
- D. Great Lakes.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: A
The western border of the United States after the Revolutionary War was defined by the Mississippi River, which served as a natural boundary facilitating westward expansion. Option B, the Gulf of Mexico, is incorrect as it is located to the south, not marking the western border. Option C, the Rocky Mountains, is also inaccurate; while they are a significant geographical feature, they were not recognized as a border at that time. Option D, the Great Lakes, pertains to the northern boundary and does not represent the western limit. Thus, the Mississippi River accurately reflects the western boundary post-war.
The western border of the United States after the Revolutionary War was defined by the Mississippi River, which served as a natural boundary facilitating westward expansion. Option B, the Gulf of Mexico, is incorrect as it is located to the south, not marking the western border. Option C, the Rocky Mountains, is also inaccurate; while they are a significant geographical feature, they were not recognized as a border at that time. Option D, the Great Lakes, pertains to the northern boundary and does not represent the western limit. Thus, the Mississippi River accurately reflects the western boundary post-war.