Gregor Mendel determined that the offspring in crosses between plants with two heterozygous traits resulted in a 9:3:3:1 ratio, as shown in the table. The largest number of offspring expressed both dominant traits, while the fewest number of offspring expressed both recessive traits. Mendel concluded that different traits are inherited independently from each other.
William Bateson and his colleagues designed a similar experiment using heterozygous pea plants. Bateson crossed plants that were heterozygous for flower color and pollen shape. These experiments resulted in numbers of offspring that did not match Mendel's 9:3:3:1 ratio. The number and appearance of the offspring are shown in the table. Bateson concluded that some traits are not inherited independently.
How do the results of Bateson's experiment affect the interpretation of Mendel's experimental results?
- A. Bateson's experimental results show that Mendel's conclusions were incorrect.
- B. Bateson's experimental results show that Mendel's conclusions were incomplete.
- C. Bateson's experiments resulted in different ratios of traits in the offspring, confirming Mendel's conclusion.
- D. Bateson's experiments studied different traits than Mendel's so Bateson's results could not challenge or support Mendel's conclusions.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: B
Bateson's experimental results highlight that Mendel's conclusions, while groundbreaking, did not encompass all genetic variations and interactions. Mendel's work focused primarily on simple traits, but Bateson demonstrated that there are complexities in inheritance that Mendel did not address, indicating that his findings were incomplete. Option A is incorrect as Bateson did not disprove Mendel but rather expanded on his work. Option C misinterprets Bateson's findings; while they may align with Mendel's, they also reveal additional complexities rather than merely confirming his conclusions. Option D is misleading; although Bateson studied different traits, the implications of his findings still relate to Mendel’s conclusions, thereby challenging and enriching our understanding of genetics.
Bateson's experimental results highlight that Mendel's conclusions, while groundbreaking, did not encompass all genetic variations and interactions. Mendel's work focused primarily on simple traits, but Bateson demonstrated that there are complexities in inheritance that Mendel did not address, indicating that his findings were incomplete. Option A is incorrect as Bateson did not disprove Mendel but rather expanded on his work. Option C misinterprets Bateson's findings; while they may align with Mendel's, they also reveal additional complexities rather than merely confirming his conclusions. Option D is misleading; although Bateson studied different traits, the implications of his findings still relate to Mendel’s conclusions, thereby challenging and enriching our understanding of genetics.
Other Related Questions
Based on the table, use the drop-down menus to make the following statement correct. _ experiences the least warming effect from CO2 because it has the _ of CO2 in its atmosphere.
- A. smallest amount
- B. largest amount
- C. Mars
- D. Planet L
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: A,C
The statement highlights that Mars experiences the least warming effect from CO2 due to its atmospheric composition. Mars has a small amount of CO2 compared to other planets, which limits its greenhouse effect and consequently its warming. Option B, "largest amount," is incorrect as it contradicts the premise that a larger CO2 presence would lead to more warming. Option D, "Planet L," is not a recognized celestial body in this context and does not provide relevant information regarding CO2 levels. Thus, the combination of Mars with the smallest amount of CO2 accurately reflects the relationship between atmospheric composition and warming effects.
The statement highlights that Mars experiences the least warming effect from CO2 due to its atmospheric composition. Mars has a small amount of CO2 compared to other planets, which limits its greenhouse effect and consequently its warming. Option B, "largest amount," is incorrect as it contradicts the premise that a larger CO2 presence would lead to more warming. Option D, "Planet L," is not a recognized celestial body in this context and does not provide relevant information regarding CO2 levels. Thus, the combination of Mars with the smallest amount of CO2 accurately reflects the relationship between atmospheric composition and warming effects.
The roller coaster diagram shows a set of cars moving downward from position 1 to position 2. As the cars travel from position 1 toward position 2, their...
- A. gravitational potential energy; total energy
- B. kinetic energy; gravitational potential energy
- C. total energy; kinetic energy
- D. gravitational potential energy; kinetic energy
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: A
As the roller coaster cars move from position 1 to position 2, they descend, resulting in a decrease in gravitational potential energy due to their lower height. However, their total energy—comprising both kinetic and potential energy—remains constant, assuming negligible friction. Option B incorrectly suggests that kinetic energy increases while gravitational potential energy decreases, but it does not address total energy. Option C misrepresents the relationship by stating total energy changes, which it does not. Option D also fails, as it inaccurately implies that gravitational potential energy is the only energy type being discussed.
As the roller coaster cars move from position 1 to position 2, they descend, resulting in a decrease in gravitational potential energy due to their lower height. However, their total energy—comprising both kinetic and potential energy—remains constant, assuming negligible friction. Option B incorrectly suggests that kinetic energy increases while gravitational potential energy decreases, but it does not address total energy. Option C misrepresents the relationship by stating total energy changes, which it does not. Option D also fails, as it inaccurately implies that gravitational potential energy is the only energy type being discussed.
A diagram of a PV cell being exposed to sunlight is shown below. Click on the labels you want to select and drag them into the boxes to show the components of the PV cell.
- A. Phosphorus-injected layer
- B. Boron-injected layer
- C. Electric field
- D. Energy
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: A,B,C
The components of a photovoltaic (PV) cell include the phosphorus-injected layer, which serves as the n-type semiconductor, and the boron-injected layer, acting as the p-type semiconductor. Together, these layers create a junction that facilitates the movement of electrons when exposed to sunlight. The electric field between these layers is crucial for separating charge carriers, enabling electricity generation. Option D, "Energy," is not a structural component of the PV cell but rather a result of its operation. It does not represent a physical part of the cell, making it an incorrect choice.
The components of a photovoltaic (PV) cell include the phosphorus-injected layer, which serves as the n-type semiconductor, and the boron-injected layer, acting as the p-type semiconductor. Together, these layers create a junction that facilitates the movement of electrons when exposed to sunlight. The electric field between these layers is crucial for separating charge carriers, enabling electricity generation. Option D, "Energy," is not a structural component of the PV cell but rather a result of its operation. It does not represent a physical part of the cell, making it an incorrect choice.
The cladogram shows the relatedness of several organisms based on shared characteristics. Which characteristic separates catfish from frogs?
- A. Suborbital fenestra
- B. Amniotic egg
- C. Four limbs
- D. Bony skeleton
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: B
The presence of an amniotic egg is a key characteristic that distinguishes frogs from catfish. Frogs, as amphibians, undergo a life cycle that includes an aquatic larval stage, while catfish, as fish, do not produce amniotic eggs and instead lay eggs in water. Option A, suborbital fenestra, relates to skull structure and is not a defining characteristic that separates these groups. Option C, four limbs, applies to frogs but not to catfish, which possess fins instead. Option D, bony skeleton, is present in both groups, making it an insufficient distinguishing trait.
The presence of an amniotic egg is a key characteristic that distinguishes frogs from catfish. Frogs, as amphibians, undergo a life cycle that includes an aquatic larval stage, while catfish, as fish, do not produce amniotic eggs and instead lay eggs in water. Option A, suborbital fenestra, relates to skull structure and is not a defining characteristic that separates these groups. Option C, four limbs, applies to frogs but not to catfish, which possess fins instead. Option D, bony skeleton, is present in both groups, making it an insufficient distinguishing trait.