The excerpt below is from the 1831 U.S. Supreme Court case Cherokee Nation v. Georgia.
The Indian territory is admitted to compose a part of the United States. They acknowledge themselves in their treaties to be under the protection of the United States; they admit that the United States shall have the sole and exclusive right of regulating the trade with them, and managing all their affairs as they think proper... Treaties were made with some tribes... by which they ceded all their lands... [and] they admit their dependence.
They look to our government for protection; rely upon its kindness and its power... and address the president as their great father.
... [T]he Cherokee nation. retains its usages and customs and self government, greatly improved by the civilization which it has been the policy of the United States to encourage and foster among them.
This excerpt is taken from the public domain.
What is the main point of view expressed in this excerpt?
- A. The Cherokee Nation is equal to the United States in terms of trade and government.
- B. The Cherokee Nation is dependent on the United States for basic necessities and survival.
- C. The Cherokee Nation is dependent on the United States for guidance and protection.
- D. The Cherokee Nation is a separate state that deals with the United States as a foreign country.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C
The excerpt emphasizes the Cherokee Nation's reliance on the United States for guidance and protection, reflecting a relationship where the Cherokee seek support in navigating external challenges. Option A misrepresents the dynamics by suggesting equality in trade and government, which overlooks the power imbalance. Option B, while hinting at dependence, fails to capture the broader context of guidance and protection that the Cherokee sought. Option D incorrectly frames the relationship as one of complete separation, ignoring the interdependence that characterized their interactions with the United States.
The excerpt emphasizes the Cherokee Nation's reliance on the United States for guidance and protection, reflecting a relationship where the Cherokee seek support in navigating external challenges. Option A misrepresents the dynamics by suggesting equality in trade and government, which overlooks the power imbalance. Option B, while hinting at dependence, fails to capture the broader context of guidance and protection that the Cherokee sought. Option D incorrectly frames the relationship as one of complete separation, ignoring the interdependence that characterized their interactions with the United States.
Other Related Questions
According to this graph, in which year did the U.S. government first achieve a budget surplus?
- A. 1996
- B. 1994
- C. 1998
- D. 2002
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C
The graph indicates that the U.S. government first achieved a budget surplus in 1998, as evidenced by the line crossing above the zero mark in that year. Option A (1996) shows a deficit, as the line remains below zero. Option B (1994) also reflects a deficit, indicating that the government had not yet balanced its budget. Option D (2002) is incorrect as it depicts a return to deficit after a surplus, confirming that the surplus was achieved earlier in 1998. Thus, 1998 is the first year when the budget surplus was realized.
The graph indicates that the U.S. government first achieved a budget surplus in 1998, as evidenced by the line crossing above the zero mark in that year. Option A (1996) shows a deficit, as the line remains below zero. Option B (1994) also reflects a deficit, indicating that the government had not yet balanced its budget. Option D (2002) is incorrect as it depicts a return to deficit after a surplus, confirming that the surplus was achieved earlier in 1998. Thus, 1998 is the first year when the budget surplus was realized.
Which event counters the viewpoint expressed in the newspaper excerpt that African Americans refused to defend their civil rights?
- A. the ratification of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments
- B. the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation
- C. the founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
- D. the start of the Great Migration
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C
The founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) directly counters the viewpoint that African Americans refused to defend their civil rights. Established in 1909, the NAACP actively fought for civil rights through legal challenges, advocacy, and public education, demonstrating a strong commitment to defending their rights. Option A, the ratification of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, although significant, primarily established legal rights rather than showcasing active defense. Option B, the Emancipation Proclamation, ended slavery but did not directly address civil rights activism. Option D, the Great Migration, reflects a movement for better opportunities but does not specifically illustrate organized efforts to defend civil rights.
The founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) directly counters the viewpoint that African Americans refused to defend their civil rights. Established in 1909, the NAACP actively fought for civil rights through legal challenges, advocacy, and public education, demonstrating a strong commitment to defending their rights. Option A, the ratification of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, although significant, primarily established legal rights rather than showcasing active defense. Option B, the Emancipation Proclamation, ended slavery but did not directly address civil rights activism. Option D, the Great Migration, reflects a movement for better opportunities but does not specifically illustrate organized efforts to defend civil rights.
Which event occurred first?
- A. Michael moved to Ohio.
- B. Michael attained U.S. citizenship.
- C. The IRO was created.
- D. The UN was established.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: D
To determine the sequence of events, it’s essential to consider historical timelines. The United Nations (UN) was established in 1945, laying the groundwork for international cooperation. The International Refugee Organization (IRO) was created shortly after, in 1946, to address post-war refugee issues. Michael attaining U.S. citizenship likely occurred after these events, as it typically follows immigration processes. Lastly, Michael moving to Ohio would depend on his citizenship status and individual circumstances, making it the most recent event in this context.
To determine the sequence of events, it’s essential to consider historical timelines. The United Nations (UN) was established in 1945, laying the groundwork for international cooperation. The International Refugee Organization (IRO) was created shortly after, in 1946, to address post-war refugee issues. Michael attaining U.S. citizenship likely occurred after these events, as it typically follows immigration processes. Lastly, Michael moving to Ohio would depend on his citizenship status and individual circumstances, making it the most recent event in this context.
Which quotation from the excerpt reveals the author's bias about the relationship between the rule of the majority and the rights of the minority?
- A. "The wishes of the smaller group will override the wishes of the larger group and this will create resentment."
- B. "Requiring a unanimous vote or more than a majority vote is meant to provide a safeguard against oppression."
- C. "In these circumstances, expect constant scheming, trickery, and tiresome delays, resulting in disgraceful deals that violate the public good."
- D. "In times of national emergency, the goodness, badness, weakness, and strength of the government is supremely important."
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C
Option C highlights the author's bias by suggesting that the majority's decisions can lead to unethical behavior that undermines public welfare. This reveals a concern for minority rights, indicating that the author believes majority rule may result in negative consequences for those not in power. Option A misrepresents the author's view, as it suggests that the smaller group's wishes will always be overridden, which does not directly reflect bias against majority rule. Option B focuses on safeguards against oppression, which does not convey bias but rather a protective measure. Option D addresses the government's performance during emergencies but fails to connect to the relationship between majority rule and minority rights, missing the core issue of bias.
Option C highlights the author's bias by suggesting that the majority's decisions can lead to unethical behavior that undermines public welfare. This reveals a concern for minority rights, indicating that the author believes majority rule may result in negative consequences for those not in power. Option A misrepresents the author's view, as it suggests that the smaller group's wishes will always be overridden, which does not directly reflect bias against majority rule. Option B focuses on safeguards against oppression, which does not convey bias but rather a protective measure. Option D addresses the government's performance during emergencies but fails to connect to the relationship between majority rule and minority rights, missing the core issue of bias.